{"id":"W4386701507","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2023.108756","title":"A general instability framework for ductile metals in complex stress states from diffuse to acute localization","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","topic":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"University of Waterloo; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; American Iron and Steel Institute","keywords":"Instability; Plane stress; Formability; Stress (linguistics); Boundary (topology); Mechanics; Plasticity; Work (physics); Boundary value problem; Mathematics; Stress path; Structural engineering; Materials science; Mathematical analysis; Finite element method; Physics; Cauchy stress tensor; Engineering; Thermodynamics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007205827,0.00008655498,0.0001836424,0.0002865277,0.00003663034,0.00008913579,0.000524762,0.00005254342,0.00008986775],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005113665,0.00007102556,0.00007659919,0.000433833,0.00003528661,0.000312811,0.00006329612,0.0001012908,0.000005960159],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000980142,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002216199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004176995,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004420386,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998634,0.00003510662,0.0004896472,0.0001330521,0.0005563505,0.0001518815],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992146,0.0003498434,0.0001024049,0.00006933651,0.0001859053,0.00007784994],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002296339,0.0002966137,0.003909208,0.00003084287,0.0003753933,0.00004156132,0.001481954,0.7811505,0.05680461,0.1255541,0.002333052,0.02779258],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003341133,0.0001327322,0.002517263,0.00008519947,0.00001322409,0.000003495577,0.0001260926,0.5773923,0.0440258,0.3738302,0.001406397,0.000133141],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6355562,0.00001096526,0.3631244,0.0004707057,0.0005820479,0.0001038977,0.00008186598,0.00005807091,0.00001185327],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9359418,0.00003967106,0.06369244,0.0001193344,0.0001590998,0.00001074344,0.00002253549,0.00000834268,0.000006035437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3003856,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2896338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05193618094058561,"score_gpt":0.3632598402761748,"score_spread":0.3113236593355892,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}