{"id":"W4386794748","doi":"10.1029/2023gl103519","title":"Electron Precipitation Observed by ELFIN Using Proton Precipitation as a Proxy for Electromagnetic Ion Cyclotron (EMIC) Waves","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Research Letters","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":55,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Nuclear Safety and Security Commission; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Canadian Space Agency; University of Alberta; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Electron precipitation; Van Allen radiation belt; Van Allen Probes; Emic and etic; Cyclotron; Physics; Precipitation; Proton; Pitch angle; Polar; Atmospheric sciences; Electron; Ion; Geophysics; Computational physics; Magnetosphere; Nuclear physics; Astronomy; Meteorology; Plasma","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005457827,0.0002939844,0.0002884733,0.0001173362,0.0004290107,0.0001993199,0.0003264363,0.00009195712,0.00006804364],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001180417,0.0002993176,0.0001898796,0.0009340513,0.0001239561,0.000397541,0.00009526158,0.0004984308,0.0002031105],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002068775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002061326,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009194144,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009720264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9965574,0.0003094396,0.0003640104,0.0006783416,0.0007441469,0.001346627],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985671,0.0005230746,0.0001264379,0.0003356503,0.0002792494,0.000168475],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003349098,0.0002263018,0.0004929333,0.000107861,0.0000677388,0.000001350009,0.0004377544,0.0003430098,0.9764191,0.004219905,0.009867551,0.007481591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006894016,0.008584626,0.01376303,0.0003346875,0.0002008995,0.000002443704,0.001393041,0.2740318,0.5217211,0.1450441,0.02563945,0.002390828],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9909712,0.00002383563,0.002791502,0.001762548,0.0001216001,0.003698518,0.00004191218,0.0001382753,0.0004505757],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914876,0.000008644824,0.001326709,0.0001131642,0.00078735,0.002355986,0.001162806,0.0000987239,0.00265898],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.454698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999459,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02936088641648704,"score_gpt":0.3198712014267518,"score_spread":0.2905103150102648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}