{"id":"W4386804949","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n10p44","title":"The Contemporary Concept of Odious Debts: Iraq’s Debts as a Model","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Economic, financial, and policy analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Debt; External debt; Debt restructuring; Restructuring; Economics; Payment; Internal debt; Financial system; Economic policy; Business; Monetary economics; Finance; Political science; Law; Sovereign debt","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009436718,0.0006402276,0.0004027111,0.001964212,0.002536486,0.004485107,0.001153199,0.001757021,0.005309555],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001679643,0.0002390656,0.0004293873,0.003056523,0.006671629,0.006387352,0.001997258,0.003444637,0.0007445978],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005698683,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002217071,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01604657,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006290456,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994774,0.000254212,0.00002059978,0.00006174926,0.00009554175,0.00009045365],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993704,0.0002071713,0.0001268927,0.00005123997,0.0001321769,0.0001121925],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003768681,0.00001539518,0.0005529195,0.00001890738,0.000002596726,0.00006058468,0.0005867275,0.000936963,0.00001882471,0.9917632,0.003603336,0.002436736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001162363,0.00002538994,0.001540054,0.0001654543,0.000006262494,0.0002350443,0.001673216,0.01051045,0.00002800554,0.8834419,0.1023452,0.00001744198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1195229,0.03545275,0.05496607,0.08705174,0.001575911,0.0001338348,0.001002067,0.0001318035,0.7001629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9599047,0.01251562,0.004582131,0.002374671,0.001103551,0.0001410008,0.0001934756,0.00003723027,0.01914757],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01604657,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04134703,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04250400171487653,"score_gpt":0.2540094010411648,"score_spread":0.2115053993262882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}