{"id":"W4386829126","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.131.121001","title":"Constraints on Early Dark Energy from Isotropic Cosmic Birefringence","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"H2020 European Research Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Space Agency; Goddard Space Flight Center; Office of Science; University of Tokyo; Magnus Ehrnroothin Säätiö; California Institute of Technology; Government of Canada; Tekes; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe AISBL; U.S. Department of Energy; Kavli Foundation; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; European Commission; National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; China Scholarship Council; Astrophysics Science Division; Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades","keywords":"Physics; Axion; Cosmic microwave background; Planck; Dark energy; Polarization (electrochemistry); Particle physics; Dark radiation; Linear polarization; Astrophysics; Dark matter; Cosmology; Anisotropy; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000773116,0.0005887642,0.0005899095,0.0006868531,0.0004568106,0.001383922,0.0007000534,0.0009010604,0.002334576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004922487,0.0004146719,0.0003353947,0.000660921,0.000769228,0.00104926,0.0008900117,0.0006750131,0.0004154987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007079172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004262095,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002550726,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002577976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996861,0.0001024927,0.00001648831,0.00006336351,0.00006817636,0.00006344351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978357,0.001212403,0.0003162676,0.0003674444,0.0001091927,0.0001589739],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006512456,0.0001797428,0.1636397,0.0003745559,0.0002257935,0.001384457,0.0004584019,0.3274543,0.082206,0.3635422,0.004439149,0.05544443],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001701816,0.0001380116,0.1706864,0.0001172555,0.00008975161,0.0004312317,0.0002696224,0.5535231,0.01246036,0.2556938,0.006237907,0.0001823562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9686257,0.0004495281,0.01897213,0.0003500601,0.00001955214,0.000005859184,0.0002461306,0.0001516658,0.0111795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982778,0.000152902,0.001096933,0.00007050678,0.00001188243,0.000005268106,0.0001232312,0.00002514016,0.0002363107],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002550726,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007809877,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01354161528194114,"score_gpt":0.2763188256218497,"score_spread":0.2627772103399086,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}