{"id":"W4386838335","doi":"10.3390/ma16186254","title":"Characterizing the Effect of Freeze–Thaw Cycling on Pore Structure of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using X-ray CT Scanning","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials","topic":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Light Source","keywords":"Asphalt; Materials science; Cycling; Composite material; Geotechnical engineering; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000818514,0.0002021341,0.000388597,0.0001288251,0.00008038841,0.00003649676,0.0001846697,0.00006100288,0.0002040024],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007734028,0.0001460083,0.00005238482,0.0002205433,0.00004165802,0.0001502856,0.00004829849,0.00009197529,0.00001000796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000376447,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000011247,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000360486,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.96383e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986667,0.0001325654,0.0004816682,0.0001475183,0.0003109032,0.0002606277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993002,0.0001545181,0.0002217511,0.0002677485,0.00002985486,0.00002585987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003066358,4.376802e-7,0.001577545,0.0004496447,0.00005249623,0.000003268273,0.0003231205,0.03828645,0.9589127,0.000009419063,0.00003954303,0.0003147032],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003354954,0.00009410911,0.009609887,0.0003642458,0.00005124224,0.000002955476,0.00004950745,0.008498391,0.9808255,0.00001212688,0.00003042538,0.0001260781],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978819,0.00005779386,0.00004053596,0.00001384878,0.001231699,0.0004087572,0.0001403014,0.0001439632,0.00008113493],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994116,0.00001318996,0.0001177482,0.00001858286,0.0002525508,0.00001033492,0.0001200432,0.00004832779,0.000007618793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02978807,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5954044,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01625993530398575,"score_gpt":0.2683823403355178,"score_spread":0.252122405031532,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}