{"id":"W4386865569","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138928","title":"Estimating the effects of price-based environmental policies on aviation emissions at neighboring airports","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Mitacs","keywords":"Aviation; Carbon offset; Order (exchange); Natural resource economics; Emissions trading; Air travel; Business; Carbon price; Greenhouse gas; Environmental economics; Commercial aviation; Industrial organization; Economics; Finance; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005922907,0.00007250365,0.0001811805,0.000266842,0.0001712845,0.00001598422,0.0000769062,0.00004503919,0.0001223291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003169285,0.00005689355,0.0001194214,0.0002649504,0.00002870561,0.0001256255,0.00001741335,0.0001470031,0.00003050562],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009809498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009860845,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007679633,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.972381e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991114,0.00002347403,0.0005514754,0.0001199278,0.00009422134,0.00009957662],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985128,0.00007939564,0.001198849,0.0001559721,0.00001954947,0.00003343072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008562773,0.000363482,0.5243262,0.0001326294,0.0002377767,0.00001070177,0.001837854,0.4395307,0.006490225,0.002232208,0.00779614,0.01695641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005899724,0.0003037393,0.9414427,0.0001560534,0.00007189826,0.00002311942,0.0002431507,0.01514678,0.03269308,0.002009753,0.00713244,0.000187298],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956171,0.00009434641,0.0006104977,0.002188167,0.000795269,0.00006472545,0.000004154797,0.000009509526,0.0006162454],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980303,0.00002945008,0.0001106697,0.00003520002,0.0004858097,0.000002899944,0.00000743679,0.000008877249,0.00128935],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4243839,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2320052,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02223889355025202,"score_gpt":0.2324103200546668,"score_spread":0.2101714265044148,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}