{"id":"W4386969367","doi":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138868","title":"Comparative life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of electric arc furnace steelmaking processes integrated with solar energy system","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Cleaner Production","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province; Simon Fraser University; Inner Mongolia University; National Natural Science Foundation of China; Division of Social and Economic Sciences; European Commission; Saint Mary’s University; Shantou University","keywords":"Steelmaking; Electric arc furnace; Engineering; Scrap; Waste management; Life-cycle assessment; Carbon footprint; Electricity generation; Electricity; Environmental science; Production (economics); Metallurgy; Greenhouse gas; Mechanical engineering; Electrical engineering; Materials science; Power (physics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006606067,0.0001284227,0.000394318,0.0003138965,0.00009777798,0.00002845506,0.0001126535,0.00004159598,0.00004257156],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003806618,0.0000929758,0.0000580643,0.001182749,0.0001387042,0.0004695017,0.00004955877,0.0001609732,0.000002103147],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007198334,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007618565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002519107,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001474887,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987932,0.00009353781,0.0004235225,0.0002138208,0.0003027655,0.0001731956],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991085,0.00003599929,0.0005750427,0.0001523851,0.00004203846,0.00008602147],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002539916,0.0001728845,0.2480792,0.0001197181,0.0006717444,0.00001146562,0.001144128,0.7274475,0.01606798,0.00004455631,0.0001631557,0.005823712],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005297711,0.0009532347,0.8618085,0.00009189817,0.0009743897,0.0001293689,0.01873477,0.07633149,0.03920512,0.00008665507,0.0008579253,0.0002968342],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981869,0.00006735718,0.001019839,0.0001781096,0.00004920453,0.0001116911,0.000002056212,0.00002432424,0.0003604791],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993618,0.00009316973,0.0003226439,0.000007984909,0.00004119198,0.000004235621,0.000003264584,0.000009008974,0.000156695],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.651116,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3791443,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009908811398335937,"score_gpt":0.2594861578234635,"score_spread":0.2495773464251276,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}