{"id":"W4386981095","doi":"10.1002/fes3.503","title":"Crop models and their use in assessing crop production and food security: A review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Food and Energy Security","topic":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Global Institute for Water Security; University of Saskatchewan; University of Calgary","funders":"Global Water Futures; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Oxford; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan","keywords":"DSSAT; Food security; Agricultural engineering; Environmental science; Crop yield; Crop simulation model; Agriculture; Production (economics); Crop; Productivity; Agricultural productivity; Simulation modeling; Agronomy; Mathematics; Economics; Engineering; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004225981,0.0005570147,0.001380713,0.00004881825,0.0002144509,0.0003988995,0.0001539332,0.0004238288,0.00001103798],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001528841,0.0001970816,0.0001548231,0.0007472442,0.0001019673,0.0005929949,0.0003036081,0.0004112508,9.209252e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004498494,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000176217,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004468028,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01506309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977356,0.0003034977,0.0005005255,0.000849791,0.000174164,0.0004364118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990977,0.0002172584,0.0002857716,0.000116927,0.00007095117,0.0002113949],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007459553,0.0001625315,0.00001634586,0.03104278,0.0001536195,0.00001209038,0.0007281214,5.257597e-7,0.00003767842,0.0008815025,0.001800724,0.9651566],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001147228,0.0005233197,0.0001449024,0.05553719,0.0002582232,0.0002505037,0.0003684065,0.00004315512,0.000004701583,0.004912729,0.9368797,0.0009624406],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.04319553,0.9552867,1.338509e-7,0.0004550252,0.0001280992,0.0003866795,0.0003733512,0.0001028852,0.0000715556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01654785,0.9825071,0.000004209706,0.0001621963,0.0002885212,0.00008495845,0.0003493271,0.000007195271,0.00004862105],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9641942,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8405557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1533902473425373,"score_gpt":0.3063705428133718,"score_spread":0.1529802954708345,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}