{"id":"W4386996216","doi":"10.3390/w15193330","title":"Numerical Modeling of Local Scour in the Vicinity of Bridge Abutments When Covered with Ice","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Bridge scour; Abutment; Geotechnical engineering; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations; Geology; Volume of fluid method; Shear stress; Turbulence; Flow (mathematics); Bridge (graph theory); Erosion; Sediment transport; Surface finish; Mechanics; Structural engineering; Sediment; Engineering; Pier; Geomorphology; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001386787,0.0003983701,0.0003868817,0.0005019275,0.0004116587,0.0006929461,0.0004719518,0.0006036522,0.0008876294],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003677603,0.0001789124,0.0005120626,0.0003516925,0.0004360477,0.0002609113,0.0004672145,0.0002874317,0.0001148488],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003906806,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004887729,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01402835,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007262066,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999202,0.000009594916,0.000006214909,0.00001466478,0.00002260866,0.00002665331],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999863,0.00004551726,0.00002953605,0.00001004251,0.00003020501,0.00002167525],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006575327,0.00006316312,0.007392568,0.00003448523,0.0000158619,0.0002982891,0.00007331138,0.9725289,0.0148922,0.0003997659,0.0001133928,0.004122347],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003426974,0.00002660824,0.001655034,0.000002665827,0.000004200619,0.00001522423,0.00002876916,0.9972523,0.0008577629,0.00005460209,0.00009462201,0.000004823313],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9684323,0.0001784523,0.0265499,0.00006541869,0.00003759622,0.00004148473,0.0001795717,0.0001661253,0.004349081],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948857,0.0000884964,0.003883099,0.000006664593,0.00000519785,0.00002078048,0.0001027826,0.00001031571,0.0009967946],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01402835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02789336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01905518019310956,"score_gpt":0.2293002959348522,"score_spread":0.2102451157417426,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}