{"id":"W4387045080","doi":"10.1038/s41598-023-42213-y","title":"Large numbers of patients are needed to obtain additional approvals for new cancer drugs: A retrospective cohort study","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Scientific Reports","topic":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University Health Centre; NOSM University; Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre; McGill University","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Uppsala Universitet; Government of Canada","keywords":"Medicine; Milestone; Clinical trial; Cancer drugs; Guideline; Drug approval; Institutional review board; Drug; Approved drug; Clinical research; Off-label use; Cancer; Intensive care medicine; Family medicine; Internal medicine; Surgery; Pharmacology; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006841218,0.0004835962,0.0009977245,0.001021651,0.0012913,0.001781631,0.0008853821,0.0009033327,0.004344287],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01428796,0.0008581729,0.002307572,0.002119334,0.0005251895,0.002284422,0.001132166,0.00189883,0.00103819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008445982,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001196189,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00468553,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005423604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934831,0.001789528,0.001281266,0.001813492,0.00101237,0.0006201629],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9856688,0.003720731,0.005621679,0.00302881,0.001056991,0.0009029262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003946959,0.0000574784,0.9950853,0.0000607656,0.0004096549,0.0001310867,0.0001600499,0.00009424439,0.0000869307,0.0001934793,0.001043546,0.002282735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002091379,0.0005477805,0.9853598,0.0001920195,0.001252045,0.001925882,0.001088311,0.001446479,0.0001952166,0.0007296737,0.00697335,0.00008030024],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9828587,0.003962087,0.003066598,0.0007363369,0.0001063064,0.0002688474,0.006110255,0.00003474069,0.002856113],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948956,0.0007477081,0.000724204,0.0005613338,0.00006964353,0.0002250074,0.002286293,0.00002564599,0.0004646018],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006841218,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0361802,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1643883569120914,"score_gpt":0.4091999997109349,"score_spread":0.2448116427988435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}