{"id":"W4387045253","doi":"10.1080/00220973.2023.2261284","title":"Working Memory and Automaticity in Relation to Mental Addition among American Elementary Students","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Experimental Education","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Automaticity; Memory span; Working memory; Psychology; Automatism (medicine); Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; Fluency; Task (project management); Cognitive psychology; ROWE; Short-term memory; Cognition; Association (psychology); Developmental psychology; Mathematics education","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008506482,0.000113263,0.0001856096,0.0002240794,0.0001050992,0.00003802414,0.00015266,0.00001952267,0.00009738155],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001728073,0.00008503331,0.00003511598,0.0003969951,0.00006784544,0.0002227393,0.000111811,0.0001244721,0.0000230558],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002607581,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000432437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004595119,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002929658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987343,0.0001214462,0.0004669175,0.00009363433,0.0004323255,0.0001513904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991617,0.0003303466,0.0002943488,0.00008424163,0.00004039474,0.00008901163],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001490273,0.01083741,0.1992399,0.0002202256,0.0006341183,0.00004769719,0.3376353,0.00004110517,0.1327462,0.00615102,0.1042471,0.2067097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001216809,0.0005691574,0.7934058,0.001150744,0.00006863599,0.00007336235,0.1266642,0.0001736353,0.04442026,0.03177162,0.0001339006,0.0003518587],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998048,0.00005477823,0.0000614618,0.0004897778,0.0002608632,0.000410022,0.000001318388,0.00002058035,0.0006531796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963533,0.00002471091,0.003173082,0.0002123362,0.00008511389,0.00002340745,0.000007834898,0.00001391352,0.0001062797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5941659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3467558,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02975474524530141,"score_gpt":0.3687068429032319,"score_spread":0.3389520976579305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}