{"id":"W4387088058","doi":"10.1109/wrcsara60131.2023.10261859","title":"Deep Learning based Defect Detection Algorithm for Solar Panels","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Photovoltaic system; Computer science; Algorithm; Production (economics); Quality (philosophy); Product (mathematics); Production line; Data mining; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition (psychology); Engineering; Electrical engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004314228,0.000119873,0.0001435107,0.0002055119,0.0001716082,0.00005353319,0.00004161401,0.0001634326,0.00004811041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007094794,0.0001137536,0.0001609952,0.0004387628,0.000005106914,0.0000845585,0.00000748569,0.0001627383,0.0002751072],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005765016,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000613558,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000288878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001167847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992356,0.00003699644,0.0001891391,0.0001553788,0.0001250381,0.0002578461],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996126,0.000161854,0.00002335577,0.0001031838,0.00004544503,0.00005361876],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006639325,0.000002754811,0.00001622431,0.00002990901,0.00002482834,0.000001896458,0.00003722547,0.151182,0.0107345,0.000002583347,0.0002248971,0.8377365],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004550857,0.0001130248,0.0001379212,0.00001046813,0.00001182574,0.000003264148,0.0001098683,0.8968011,0.08023138,0.00002033467,0.02196656,0.0001391877],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01594172,0.00001859482,0.9796398,0.000004375549,0.001283263,0.0003372162,0.000002271078,0.002029744,0.0007429673],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977781,0.000004801358,0.001031592,0.00001040748,0.0004080512,0.0001272678,0.00001312927,0.00005011798,0.0005765193],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9818364,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4638738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02231295649687834,"score_gpt":0.2370240078231532,"score_spread":0.2147110513262749,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}