{"id":"W4387136707","doi":"10.3390/en16196840","title":"Comparative Evaluation of PSA, PVSA, and Twin PSA Processes for Biogas Upgrading: The Purity, Recovery, and Energy Consumption Dilemma","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energies","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Biogas; Pressure swing adsorption; Adsorption; Energy recovery; Process engineering; Environmental science; Energy consumption; Chemistry; Methane; Waste management; Materials science; Pulp and paper industry; Mathematics; Energy (signal processing); Engineering; Organic chemistry; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006826623,0.000371041,0.0006373449,0.0004119922,0.0002543203,0.000735915,0.0005069178,0.0004532715,0.0008534298],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009406651,0.0002204617,0.0006585829,0.0006585854,0.0002844368,0.0008543403,0.0004718645,0.0005732089,0.0001932541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004319985,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004773198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002287531,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004476883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995738,0.00009375682,0.00002904714,0.00005426032,0.0001957324,0.00005333551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996508,0.0001557241,0.00003761819,0.00003165764,0.00009081373,0.00003328867],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001650516,0.0002940213,0.001782812,0.0005942968,0.00007640764,0.0001354193,0.00008318385,0.01990354,0.9347548,0.0005844518,0.0001198551,0.0400206],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004181469,0.003242015,0.004725025,0.00002269426,0.00008808934,0.0001416164,0.0001537899,0.06397969,0.9254269,0.0002118287,0.001931545,0.000035085],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919918,0.001120207,0.005632383,0.00005379501,0.00001507475,0.00002514377,0.000076629,0.00005791221,0.001027123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942698,0.0008041079,0.003987812,0.00001267619,0.000003866612,0.00001870273,0.00007352767,0.00001604406,0.0008134763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002287531,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004548371,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0577492855400252,"score_gpt":0.2862904893000148,"score_spread":0.2285412037599896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}