{"id":"W4387169970","doi":"10.1007/978-3-642-40458-0_87-1","title":"Cliometrics of Health Spending","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Lakehead University","funders":"","keywords":"Health spending; Gross domestic product; Economics; Development economics; Health care; Demographic economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00186121,0.0009613956,0.0004580454,0.009282433,0.0007065608,0.004106695,0.0007434152,0.0007966062,0.03784706],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01991016,0.0003079749,0.0004195061,0.01490207,0.001583043,0.004024073,0.001176861,0.001853821,0.009171416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003914872,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001251869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01204277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01599784,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977843,0.0008742624,0.0001092581,0.0001802714,0.0009643167,0.00008753678],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993854,0.00315791,0.0007285763,0.0005279649,0.001529943,0.0002015288],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001949777,0.00001515025,0.003000586,0.0001301274,0.00001168145,0.00002212627,0.0002500326,0.001383634,0.00007873465,0.574131,0.2803375,0.14062],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003435795,0.0000216395,0.01177798,0.0003375214,0.000008394063,0.0002024928,0.0006828312,0.005147195,0.0001840381,0.3106801,0.6709129,0.00004148507],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.004913078,0.02137555,0.03735237,0.01645442,0.00314156,0.00005264091,0.006942918,0.001177023,0.9085904],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2758699,0.04306171,0.04970792,0.003852463,0.008158635,0.0006474651,0.007727539,0.002116032,0.6088583],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03784706,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1266111,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3498109043275323,"score_gpt":0.5391475736662533,"score_spread":0.1893366693387211,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}