{"id":"W4387245863","doi":"10.14207/ejsd.2023.v12n3p91","title":"Sustainability in a Sand-Depleted World: Identifying Barriers to Adoption of Sand Substitutes","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Sustainable Development","topic":"Economic and Industrial Development","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Business; Sand mining; Environmental resource management; Environmental planning; Natural resource economics; Geography; Economics; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002353998,0.0001404351,0.000220492,0.0009724263,0.001669286,0.002368438,0.0004269062,0.00072961,0.001841201],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009510593,0.0001654217,0.000157317,0.000942951,0.002139039,0.00217635,0.00236085,0.001029464,0.000118106],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001883141,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003447226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02747931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03143722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983308,0.0006723694,0.00008047174,0.00007960494,0.0003784228,0.0004583906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9945023,0.002089194,0.001600089,0.0001229319,0.001002976,0.0006825072],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001533568,0.0004648717,0.6448058,0.0004502416,0.00005233611,0.001443677,0.2763788,0.0004478605,0.001869197,0.01236708,0.002562103,0.05900468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005617957,0.0001061526,0.2344117,0.0003259051,0.00001976759,0.0002854657,0.7483712,0.0007200458,0.0003807562,0.002193836,0.01315103,0.00002843608],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932677,0.0001540742,0.0002333267,0.001528304,0.000004493395,0.00001508414,0.00001710372,0.000002097224,0.004777823],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993778,0.0001918047,0.0001024687,0.00009778157,0.000001299062,0.000005053895,0.000009377594,0.000001165936,0.0002130841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02747931,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05463868,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04076317619409015,"score_gpt":0.23783845188882,"score_spread":0.1970752756947299,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}