{"id":"W4387250468","doi":"10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105627","title":"Young children's conceptualization of empirical disagreement","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cognition","topic":"Child and Animal Learning Development","field":"Psychology","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"John Templeton Foundation","keywords":"Psychology; Conceptualization; Empirical research; Empirical evidence; Developmental psychology; Social psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001122403,0.00005831313,0.00008062399,0.00006746083,0.0000465344,0.000006408003,0.00004150609,0.0000423886,0.00124704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003850362,0.00005601199,0.00003369962,0.0002395114,0.00004070274,0.00002585764,0.00002234839,0.00005165945,0.001014142],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001041909,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009919011,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000394785,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001965527,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994022,0.00004778591,0.0001515357,0.0001556658,0.0001255943,0.0001172118],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997692,0.00002946585,0.00005820472,0.0000732715,0.0000430632,0.00002686618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000112934,0.0003257208,0.8765236,0.00002566778,0.0001795689,0.00001229612,0.01365379,0.00001471439,0.002554023,0.007580838,0.05912867,0.03988818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004441457,0.00006797232,0.9964322,0.00002778414,0.00001788967,0.000004081394,0.0005359048,0.00001906447,0.0005807421,0.0003474292,0.001446535,0.00007620003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9752208,0.00003907236,0.0005682313,0.0002223176,0.0003146809,0.0001458252,0.00001697428,0.0001270229,0.02334508],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998246,0.00001044281,0.00003374318,0.0001263877,0.00009720461,0.00001537907,0.0005055123,0.000008733306,0.0009565839],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1199087,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04455456691226901,"score_gpt":0.3564082508971497,"score_spread":0.3118536839848807,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}