{"id":"W4387372746","doi":"10.31219/osf.io/mtywv","title":"Empirical Challenges in Defining Treatments and Time in the Evaluation of Gun Laws","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Law; Gun violence; Political science; Poison control; Injury prevention; Medicine; Medical emergency","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009725401,0.00007688037,0.0001663829,0.0001655907,0.00005514357,0.00003431868,0.0002447339,0.0001851467,0.0001007264],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006560098,0.00005015013,0.00003179644,0.0002055928,0.0001275578,0.00004047006,0.0001540844,0.0002439908,0.00004021816],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001309775,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003690408,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006743205,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02312975,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968305,0.001606933,0.0001769754,0.0002504928,0.0009151482,0.0002199875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990853,0.0006112066,0.00004708327,0.0001561641,0.00006926406,0.00003099511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003305392,0.0004058477,0.3778575,0.0001369541,0.00005907182,0.00001283067,0.2598566,0.0002358272,0.00001428558,0.01302999,0.0004398843,0.3479181],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005989774,0.00007205448,0.854796,0.0003977456,0.00003855406,2.347297e-7,0.06953349,0.003771287,0.000008825884,0.07034005,0.0002787359,0.0001640821],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9159268,0.001481992,5.116215e-7,0.009750855,0.00004575502,0.0006180808,0.00000363093,0.00001608145,0.07215632],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940573,0.005409334,0.00003823197,0.00001489267,0.00002554387,0.000114256,0.000008281129,0.000004876953,0.000327297],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4769384,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999871,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.6134388783993224,"score_gpt":0.5409661838745567,"score_spread":0.07247269452476568,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}