{"id":"W4387411623","doi":"10.1002/aws2.1356","title":"Design considerations for biological ion exchange drinking water filters: Resin selection, backwash, and regenerations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"AWWA Water Science","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Dissolved organic carbon; Ion exchange; Water treatment; Sulfate; Filter (signal processing); Environmental science; Filtration (mathematics); Ion-exchange resin; Pilot plant; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Ion; Inorganic chemistry; Engineering; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006894298,0.0001174775,0.00008548798,0.0001114217,0.001238762,0.0002360341,0.0000908339,0.00004921916,0.0004120854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003494927,0.00006818691,0.00002490688,0.000284095,0.0003547288,0.0006385618,0.0001508843,0.00003947655,0.0004220626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007789816,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009881627,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008530857,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001039793,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987336,0.00005655186,0.0001480598,0.0004581044,0.0001736446,0.0004300431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996751,0.00006565259,0.00001842723,0.0001321087,0.00002538633,0.00008331465],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000105985,0.00003562641,0.01130002,0.000003630338,0.000004955954,0.000002751371,0.003369993,0.002173493,0.9788751,0.0001776377,0.003634686,0.0004114934],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003180316,0.0002177477,0.01181816,0.000005566857,0.00001579943,0.00002276199,0.00006534901,0.005080625,0.9693248,0.01178389,0.001151453,0.0001957714],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874744,0.000005517818,0.009555234,0.001820492,0.0002287941,0.0004727783,0.000001989806,0.0001584031,0.0002824242],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932365,0.00001342978,0.005379831,0.0001493992,0.000063671,0.0001458166,0.00002708837,0.000007300853,0.0009769165],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01160626,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9527683,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07214048552871692,"score_gpt":0.2615849299949652,"score_spread":0.1894444444662483,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}