{"id":"W4387478014","doi":"10.1007/s42773-023-00258-2","title":"Biomass residue to carbon dioxide removal: quantifying the global impact of biochar","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Biochar","topic":"Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"NSW Department of Primary Industries","keywords":"Biochar; Greenhouse gas; Environmental science; Carbon dioxide; Biomass (ecology); Climate change; Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere; Climate change mitigation; Carbon sequestration; Environmental protection; Sustainability; Environmental engineering; Agriculture; Natural resource economics; Waste management; Agronomy; Chemistry; Pyrolysis; Ecology; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006441975,0.000532565,0.0002743097,0.0009460151,0.0002260207,0.0005324988,0.0002785454,0.0004546701,0.002056458],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004601135,0.0000891331,0.0006580167,0.00151058,0.0002232135,0.0004513375,0.0004255524,0.0004598094,0.0003341585],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006671243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003028821,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01060217,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01317043,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997783,0.00003305409,0.000005426829,0.00007733161,0.0000636255,0.0000421161],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998806,0.00004304017,0.00002549112,0.00001155374,0.00003362288,0.000005739363],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000733742,0.0002210168,0.1660109,0.002449869,0.001163159,0.0006920829,0.0002756276,0.2862543,0.4159514,0.01471896,0.005306584,0.1062223],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000690644,0.00086301,0.2311965,0.0002561189,0.0006572676,0.0002922137,0.001141162,0.2914054,0.4296261,0.01648448,0.02789957,0.0001091978],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9572524,0.003552019,0.01894667,0.0004682612,0.00008246869,0.00008793217,0.009483814,0.0002111436,0.009915269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914415,0.001059673,0.004828841,0.0000857002,0.000007052952,0.00002145355,0.001836727,0.00001811748,0.0007007172],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01060217,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02108091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03050081684197027,"score_gpt":0.2861317996971214,"score_spread":0.2556309828551511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}