{"id":"W4387528278","doi":"10.58567/jea03030012","title":"CEO power, corporate governance, and firm leverage","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economic Analysis","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Corporate governance; Business; Debt; Shareholder; Accounting; Monetary economics; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004698183,0.0001342349,0.0004412104,0.0003734254,0.00008334486,0.0001649764,0.0002107032,0.00004450292,0.0004023043],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003922479,0.0001225263,0.0002669311,0.0009245058,0.00003841124,0.001192261,0.00007532549,0.00011829,0.0004103373],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000571202,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003860298,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002257256,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002349195,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990139,0.000005328171,0.0004935109,0.0001745778,0.0001244586,0.0001882193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9975744,0.00003442325,0.002121613,0.0001649071,0.00008608522,0.00001858025],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008948092,0.00003189389,0.9047333,0.00003274394,0.0009829765,0.0001800147,0.00003075295,0.01457738,0.00006742943,0.008866018,0.06770837,0.002699661],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005605141,0.00001539068,0.9110878,0.00002049161,0.0005567194,0.00000598405,0.0000495201,0.01163566,0.000006360408,0.003267878,0.07260969,0.0001840088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9951993,0.0002371855,0.0002286355,0.00108674,0.000342738,0.00003397696,0.000014919,0.00001878857,0.002837681],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965482,0.0005496925,0.00003385133,0.0004816185,0.0005025806,9.548631e-7,0.000005465429,0.0000132538,0.001864407],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006354501,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5274192,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02395558553653706,"score_gpt":0.2140401247887072,"score_spread":0.1900845392521702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}