{"id":"W4387572704","doi":"10.1002/pam.22537","title":"The crime effect of refugees","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management","topic":"Migration, Health and Trauma","field":"Psychology","cited_by":22,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Refugee; Endogeneity; Population; Demographic economics; Political science; Instrumental variable; Criminology; Spanish Civil War; Development economics; Geography; Economic growth; Economics; Sociology; Demography; Law; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001350269,0.00006337881,0.000234912,0.0006714163,0.0001030637,0.00001951961,0.00011828,0.00002341308,0.00004583951],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004027857,0.00003527895,0.0001949216,0.001054369,0.00003241343,0.00002867451,0.0000264763,0.00006333761,0.00001570043],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001376817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000867139,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002801454,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001424604,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990335,0.0001600392,0.0004003781,0.00007244583,0.0001751369,0.0001585004],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992236,0.000189381,0.0003070727,0.0001689349,0.0000421135,0.00006891115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009624788,0.0002022069,0.05099987,0.0005918918,0.02417252,0.0001341593,0.008522533,0.0003457578,0.00009118991,0.3270187,0.2246947,0.3622639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008541113,0.0004811188,0.8810444,0.00001884488,0.002119496,0.000006276814,0.0008758937,0.00009890187,0.00007728341,0.001331239,0.113026,0.00006646517],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809996,0.001199494,0.0003985706,0.004746939,0.0002021435,0.0001520425,0.000003878543,0.00001027089,0.012287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941661,0.001525523,0.000026808,0.000154669,0.0001543327,0.000004880156,0.000001423763,0.000003957608,0.003962304],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8300445,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1438634,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01344104878776272,"score_gpt":0.3865702873485492,"score_spread":0.3731292385607865,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}