{"id":"W4387680349","doi":"10.1039/d3su00142c","title":"Hydrometallurgical recycling technologies for NMC Li-ion battery cathodes: current industrial practice and new R&D trends","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RSC Sustainability","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":153,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; National Research Council Canada","funders":"National Research Council Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Battery (electricity); Cathode; Current (fluid); Waste management; Materials science; Environmental science; Engineering; Electrical engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007131414,0.0001728475,0.0002192923,0.0002756051,0.0001335511,0.0001022592,0.0001078373,0.0002154627,0.00002743414],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00470645,0.0001683766,0.0000662923,0.0007842211,0.00006107971,0.0004909819,0.00005394932,0.0003592216,0.00001238408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002147119,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119147,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001640984,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001369564,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998816,0.0000542525,0.0003374026,0.0003218994,0.0001562119,0.0003142677],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986466,0.00079036,0.00006331302,0.0002468129,0.0001669651,0.00008596126],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002530807,0.0001919333,0.000910249,0.0009728215,0.00007640825,0.000009105944,0.001567299,0.01913051,0.0006107786,0.001534272,0.03583721,0.9389063],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007535949,0.00007032283,0.0006425777,0.0000229152,0.00004980222,0.00001472263,0.003836987,0.01176837,0.0006879475,0.007346163,0.9745039,0.0003027167],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.834372,0.00315038,0.1197078,0.02553611,0.002981353,0.001722094,0.00004166947,0.008878347,0.00361028],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963142,0.000482616,0.000853607,0.00002085007,0.0002545675,0.0001519344,0.00006025664,0.00002989266,0.001832091],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9386666,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6866196,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08258055602469389,"score_gpt":0.3614962774939584,"score_spread":0.2789157214692645,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}