{"id":"W4387742095","doi":"10.46690/capi.2023.11.02","title":"Imbibition behaviors in shale nanoporous media from pore-scale perspectives","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Capillarity","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Imbibition; Nanoporous; Materials science; Porous medium; Oil shale; Slip (aerodynamics); Petroleum engineering; Saturation (graph theory); Chemical engineering; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Porosity; Nanotechnology; Geology; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001322237,0.000142942,0.0001854916,0.0001759716,0.00003056912,0.00002266745,0.0001275296,0.000172156,0.0001238387],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005619306,0.0001669726,0.00005533005,0.0004135745,0.0000461929,0.0001630307,0.00004122482,0.0002444221,0.00008625621],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002206418,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001314817,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003436756,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001039174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991328,0.00002312477,0.0001836916,0.0002394991,0.0001608624,0.000260035],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995741,0.00007057302,0.00002034764,0.0002426422,0.00003189698,0.00006046383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005535464,0.0004069188,0.1309251,0.0002291775,0.00009123942,0.000938324,0.052436,0.002412183,0.7425392,0.001344921,0.03296505,0.03565655],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006721586,0.00006418103,0.5510952,0.000172089,0.00002954476,0.00001064174,0.005063703,0.003466325,0.4171715,0.02007353,0.001259511,0.0009215433],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9941396,0.0005922748,0.0002348156,0.00003429954,0.0002920743,0.0001259416,0.0000959014,0.001596411,0.002888703],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974194,0.001077339,0.001095064,0.00001086939,0.00007840745,0.00004681337,0.000174784,0.00004061781,0.00005674316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4201701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6808944,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008407321670688766,"score_gpt":0.2229126788607897,"score_spread":0.214505357190101,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}