{"id":"W4387807484","doi":"10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102711","title":"Populism in Canada: Something old, something new","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Electoral Studies","topic":"Populism, Right-Wing Movements","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Populism; Psychological nativism; Political science; Political economy; Distrust; Authoritarianism; Politics; Parliament; Public opinion; Public administration; Democracy; Law; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001113759,0.0001860618,0.0003710988,0.000226327,0.0009934617,0.00006838905,0.0003826293,0.00007002332,0.00004595514],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001302239,0.0001754281,0.00005542974,0.001670081,0.00009238557,0.0003188935,0.0001761366,0.0003267072,0.00006562593],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002351181,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001674818,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.994127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9989737,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9972821,0.0002324195,0.0003352458,0.000354531,0.0008400063,0.0009557271],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991817,0.0003279368,0.0001049213,0.0001543032,0.0000680382,0.0001630379],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000176912,0.00003422684,0.7194362,0.0000482531,0.0002835727,0.0002410467,0.07384584,0.0001622943,0.0005357602,0.007780686,0.1776543,0.01996014],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001729695,0.00008450155,0.6739995,0.0003975882,0.00006952469,0.000001006558,0.03550135,0.00009545764,0.001041627,0.05775126,0.2277673,0.001561137],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9858539,0.002647181,0.0000041277,0.008487184,0.001898818,0.000234717,0.000003895424,0.0002306788,0.0006394903],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.988202,0.0002835153,0.0002280442,0.0011187,0.0006022459,0.00002044594,0.000004394019,0.00002475869,0.009515844],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05011302,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7641005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1196920956341533,"score_gpt":0.3881934807500114,"score_spread":0.2685013851158581,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}