{"id":"W4387818975","doi":"10.3390/land12101944","title":"Early Warnings and Perceived Climate Change Preparedness among Smallholder Farmers in the Upper West Region of Ghana","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Land","topic":"Climate change impacts on agriculture","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Livelihood; Preparedness; Climate change; Agriculture; Socioeconomics; Psychological resilience; Geography; Business; Adaptive capacity; Socioeconomic status; Environmental resource management; Political science; Environmental health; Economics; Population; Medicine; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002059374,0.0001108521,0.0001461448,0.00001849497,0.00009179978,0.00005411719,0.0001588323,0.00008806964,0.00004281821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003019322,0.00003205004,0.00003884538,0.0004384603,0.00006638416,0.0001389867,0.00006748577,0.00009780225,0.00001096884],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009836283,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":9.623716e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003299809,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009553413,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991776,0.00007026097,0.0001282419,0.0001967071,0.0001445061,0.0002827226],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996805,0.0001172011,0.00007491739,0.00004938926,0.00002680633,0.00005124402],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001851166,0.00002209809,0.9724057,0.00001898229,0.000003392161,0.00001798352,0.01895048,1.977731e-7,0.004396252,0.000004308547,0.0002077218,0.003954408],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001452379,0.00009832755,0.9896356,0.00007070888,0.000007957504,0.00001032951,0.00955495,0.00002127158,0.0000106909,0.00001310527,0.0003358563,0.00009596748],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9972875,0.00006305855,8.108321e-9,0.001973073,0.0000436601,0.0003035604,0.00003482321,0.00004582864,0.0002484772],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999121,0.0004132841,9.587441e-7,0.0001650399,0.0001075899,0.0000344473,0.00006546584,0.000001150809,0.00009104836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01722993,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5331029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0552419779756354,"score_gpt":0.2478384986582665,"score_spread":0.1925965206826311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}