{"id":"W4387857486","doi":"10.56553/popets-2024-0030","title":"SoK: Metadata-Protecting Communication Systems","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies","topic":"Cryptography and Data Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs; Royal Bank of Canada","keywords":"Metadata; Leverage (statistics); Computer science; Computer security; World Wide Web; Internet privacy; Data science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005405062,0.000821092,0.0009352647,0.002422919,0.002862606,0.006366604,0.002425026,0.002270305,0.007039152],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01347552,0.0007751933,0.001037902,0.002879965,0.004896306,0.01784361,0.009680785,0.003189745,0.004869265],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002037243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003143703,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001085468,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006645562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9934378,0.001787292,0.0007624466,0.0008566047,0.00240056,0.0007552927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9838715,0.002823955,0.001484725,0.00978945,0.001557085,0.0004733056],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005465049,0.00008783862,0.002530604,0.001010622,0.00008754224,0.0003088141,0.001423698,0.009411179,0.0103085,0.7839817,0.02236917,0.1679339],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001560081,0.0002843669,0.001369823,0.0004898924,0.0001719584,0.001409254,0.0007922993,0.0666016,0.0416537,0.5139327,0.3729488,0.0001895625],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0281494,0.00364358,0.8854564,0.003929136,0.000755134,0.000574393,0.001099721,0.01785625,0.05853592],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7167061,0.006633493,0.2374245,0.002620538,0.00097149,0.0006461997,0.00274684,0.001896513,0.03035425],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.007039152,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02858508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02799871483513381,"score_gpt":0.2624466578205641,"score_spread":0.2344479429854303,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}