{"id":"W4387867841","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.4585828","title":"The Gatekeepers of the Federal Arbitration Act: An Empirical Analysis of the FAA in the Lower Courts","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Legal Systems and Judicial Processes","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Federal Arbitration Act; Arbitration; Business; Law; Compulsory arbitration; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.009653311,0.0001848815,0.0006209242,0.002545207,0.005789335,0.007052821,0.001219105,0.003898519,0.004430445],"category_scores_gemma":[0.09192722,0.0003224079,0.0004165221,0.002179234,0.005163009,0.004250204,0.001699344,0.00404852,0.0003848658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006372752,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.009350986,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04712489,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05512943,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9900798,0.004550498,0.0004666778,0.0006992177,0.0021882,0.002015693],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8591689,0.1138177,0.01686201,0.002564971,0.004252024,0.003334529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008591371,0.001758529,0.3737516,0.0001498404,0.0001689289,0.001082916,0.03085218,0.006629195,0.001723114,0.5342052,0.006470411,0.042349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002528938,0.0007150273,0.751395,0.0004082595,0.000332683,0.0003596129,0.03523636,0.02297267,0.002101309,0.1585896,0.02746586,0.0001706806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9749624,0.0002556647,0.000737176,0.001664715,0.00001245534,0.00004858013,0.0000657878,0.000008101477,0.022245],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989911,0.0000359824,0.00009333419,0.00009333062,0.00000693695,0.00001316403,0.0000131554,0.000001417778,0.0007517009],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04712489,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09370118,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01809509419109677,"score_gpt":0.326358631908967,"score_spread":0.3082635377178702,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}