{"id":"W4387868069","doi":"10.3386/w31788","title":"AI Adoption in America: Who, What, and Where","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01553196,0.0001713993,0.0006199116,0.001321235,0.0001360349,0.0007820447,0.0006957157,0.0003939498,0.0005545897],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004286549,0.0001388522,0.0001465493,0.0008826272,0.0003816741,0.001197948,0.0003790588,0.0007056243,0.000331986],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006828696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003163947,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003007098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007901799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9938915,0.0002296694,0.0009848514,0.000656112,0.003865896,0.0003719589],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9938475,0.002415304,0.0003636651,0.0003784808,0.00288196,0.0001130186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004511909,0.00006197138,0.004955471,0.0001129746,0.00005022269,0.000008558597,0.0002058606,0.0001954789,0.00001238979,0.01172456,0.9022428,0.08038458],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007021147,0.0001582007,0.06671587,0.0008011,0.000008108084,0.00001906779,0.002752479,0.002485223,0.00001121981,0.3765447,0.54939,0.0004120044],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.08802006,0.0313622,0.0001574882,0.1390242,0.01069048,0.003880917,0.003140799,0.0001424358,0.7235814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6081994,0.2777246,0.000308812,0.0006298435,0.003443246,0.000172866,0.001932231,0.000139101,0.1074499],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6161315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7541274,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7308472215130849,"score_gpt":0.6285720298549287,"score_spread":0.1022751916581562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}