{"id":"W4387868069","doi":"10.3386/w31788","title":"AI Adoption in America: Who, What, and Where","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Impact of AI and Big Data on Business and Society","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"The Scarborough Hospital; University of Toronto; University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation","keywords":"Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008841223,0.0001291333,0.0001762559,0.001840539,0.0005948158,0.001940203,0.0003414506,0.000554193,0.001867039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004096387,0.0001424261,0.0001922354,0.004390793,0.0006634371,0.002363286,0.001004627,0.001332981,0.000519517],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001158702,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001283148,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.09483859,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1341739,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994522,0.0001274589,0.00003990485,0.0001018181,0.0001173189,0.0001613351],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99414,0.001582952,0.002181983,0.0001579637,0.001146471,0.0007906123],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004990773,0.0001662072,0.9305375,0.0001073881,0.00003209252,0.0001551537,0.01312182,0.0001045403,0.0002928519,0.001076146,0.007364635,0.0469918],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003177531,0.00003178463,0.964087,0.0001273848,0.00001491093,0.00008979467,0.02205863,0.0002497457,0.0001594633,0.0002985589,0.0128662,0.00001327872],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825649,0.001600141,0.0002678039,0.004351752,0.00003202699,0.00001698392,0.001919813,0.00001709791,0.009229554],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9918756,0.003220065,0.0002832451,0.0009720042,0.00005383581,0.00002705664,0.001611304,0.00001398232,0.001942847],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09483859,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1885731,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7308472215130849,"score_gpt":0.6285720298549287,"score_spread":0.1022751916581562,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}