{"id":"W4387880915","doi":"10.3390/children10101719","title":"What Components of Working Memory Are Impaired in Children with Reading and/or Mathematics Difficulties?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Children","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Working memory; Memory span; Psychology; Dyslexia; Executive functions; Baddeley's model of working memory; Comorbidity; Developmental psychology; Phonological awareness; Cognition; Reading disability; Audiology; Learning disability; Short-term memory; Reading (process); Cognitive psychology; Medicine; Psychiatry; Linguistics; Literacy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003236176,0.0002616421,0.000560223,0.0002155955,0.00008165266,0.00007457769,0.0001935715,0.00008306879,0.00004043688],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002866012,0.0001794628,0.00005828924,0.0005060746,0.0001207048,0.0002183728,0.0002288566,0.0001614519,0.00003028395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004280529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001694535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001332663,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003532941,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984697,0.00003735881,0.0004795181,0.0003031053,0.0003574998,0.0003528638],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998811,0.0005527214,0.0002562565,0.0002415468,0.00004178072,0.00009668644],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002412543,0.001973434,0.9597439,0.0008496689,0.0009507844,0.00008753769,0.01657873,0.00001135563,0.0008374175,0.003446717,0.001590665,0.01368857],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001604325,0.00007642589,0.9701718,0.003508941,0.00006276918,0.0001160002,0.002990509,0.00009850038,0.001754721,0.01924672,0.000001192849,0.0003680668],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9986185,0.00006644326,0.00004315381,0.00009601594,0.00003574023,0.0007078644,0.00001198076,0.0001461683,0.000274173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939941,0.0001389804,0.005342263,0.00003797964,0.00003800226,0.00002923817,0.00004663817,0.0000490344,0.0003238102],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7318282,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04399586009570206,"score_gpt":0.2713919583490417,"score_spread":0.2273960982533397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}