{"id":"W4387880915","doi":"10.3390/children10101719","title":"What Components of Working Memory Are Impaired in Children with Reading and/or Mathematics Difficulties?","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Children","topic":"Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Working memory; Memory span; Psychology; Dyslexia; Executive functions; Baddeley's model of working memory; Comorbidity; Developmental psychology; Phonological awareness; Cognition; Reading disability; Audiology; Learning disability; Short-term memory; Reading (process); Cognitive psychology; Medicine; Psychiatry; Linguistics; Literacy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005960109,0.0005889809,0.0005306188,0.001802905,0.0003611576,0.0009027205,0.0005485661,0.0007930358,0.001304356],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003728727,0.0003254516,0.0005382608,0.001051587,0.0008520619,0.001324726,0.0008547201,0.0005177978,0.0002935791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003890288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003610188,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007251578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008103038,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995426,0.00005937825,0.00007626283,0.0001186276,0.00009286741,0.0001103213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998301,0.0002992797,0.0009709894,0.00009421088,0.0001336883,0.000200988],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007383591,0.00005124615,0.9929941,0.00003007292,0.00002660403,0.000257509,0.0006864108,0.00002293063,0.0004409076,0.00002434727,0.00007147821,0.00532048],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003817634,0.00006356555,0.9981648,0.00001256854,0.00001591928,0.0007091865,0.000754039,0.00002874659,0.0000984868,0.00005528267,0.00009030833,0.000003257519],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991942,0.0002956522,0.00002885855,0.00005504723,0.000002990565,0.000003536411,0.00009672576,0.000003071362,0.0003199656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994091,0.0002092861,0.00007402227,0.00002928105,0.000006751246,0.000007606724,0.0001461823,0.000001997071,0.000115815],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007251578,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01441878,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04399586009570206,"score_gpt":0.2713919583490417,"score_spread":0.2273960982533397,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}