{"id":"W4387906048","doi":"10.5539/apr.v15n2p135","title":"We Proof: 1. Hubble’s Law Opposes to Big Bang Theory; 2. Hubble’s Law Can Be Deduced With No Space Expansion","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Research","topic":"History and Developments in Astronomy","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Hubble's law; Hubble volume; Physics; Metric expansion of space; Redshift; Big Bang (financial markets); Theoretical physics; COSMIC cancer database; Universe; Hubble Ultra-Deep Field; Cosmology; Classical mechanics; Astrophysics; Law; Dark energy; Hubble Deep Field; Galaxy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001566502,0.001744337,0.001113922,0.001463216,0.002208296,0.002399776,0.001153649,0.001093386,0.08073158],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005962844,0.0004972026,0.00279411,0.001444457,0.002977686,0.005250168,0.004032765,0.004566662,0.0219933],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001660145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002026999,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00549556,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005105873,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984665,0.0001638149,0.00009965618,0.0004837195,0.0004740847,0.000312349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957954,0.0008781737,0.0004873913,0.0004852315,0.002146536,0.0002073493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006160674,0.00009051917,0.001865152,0.0008167613,0.00008071768,0.0008670648,0.0006173677,0.000784329,0.002980568,0.8300537,0.1235113,0.03827085],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00004567701,0.00007274558,0.004781819,0.0002944856,0.0001122972,0.002931131,0.0004488954,0.002794561,0.004201812,0.523411,0.4608251,0.00008060237],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02297783,0.01222146,0.2972065,0.07475699,0.01413489,0.0005940769,0.01174983,0.001882194,0.5644763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4787542,0.01812761,0.1520999,0.02961365,0.009822376,0.001184101,0.009709792,0.001237017,0.2994515],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.08073158,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.270074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06305780717165965,"score_gpt":0.3252632365119134,"score_spread":0.2622054293402538,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}