{"id":"W4387996660","doi":"10.1186/s12913-023-10154-x","title":"Fifty years of hemodialysis in Ghana—current status, utilization and cost of dialysis services","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BMC Health Services Research","topic":"Dialysis and Renal Disease Management","field":"Medicine","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Medicine; Hemodialysis; Population; Dialysis; Public health; Private sector; Public sector; Peritoneal dialysis; Government (linguistics); Family medicine; Environmental health; Emergency medicine; Internal medicine; Nursing; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002799522,0.0001033549,0.0001311328,0.0007222511,0.0003740236,0.0005771641,0.0003103125,0.0003480515,0.003219243],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009968793,0.0001520407,0.0002033905,0.001483796,0.0003886331,0.000801569,0.0005835498,0.0004294397,0.0002847679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001190132,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005599639,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02866434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03571329,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997596,0.0000616905,0.00003483264,0.00002443608,0.00004151076,0.00007794455],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985957,0.0001214331,0.0008659833,0.00001687513,0.00008548578,0.0003145603],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004010324,0.00003944594,0.9928197,0.00007767406,0.00001913862,0.00040513,0.0007907092,0.00005485569,0.0001541127,0.00009232235,0.0007742701,0.004732409],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003542263,0.00003168481,0.9966281,0.00007298888,0.000007063548,0.0005508358,0.001463092,0.00006454811,0.00002039997,0.00003034116,0.001124082,0.000003338335],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950671,0.002099256,0.00002416569,0.001139095,0.00001175244,0.000006171353,0.0009271475,0.000004784276,0.0007205182],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976004,0.001577191,0.00006517363,0.0001459971,0.00001761053,0.000006165077,0.0003680177,0.000001327741,0.0002180863],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02866434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05699503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.092248539917758,"score_gpt":0.4415616171352308,"score_spread":0.3493130772174728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}