{"id":"W4388015114","doi":"10.4271/2023-01-1635","title":"Non-Evaporating Kerosene Fuel Spray Tip Penetration: A Comparison between Phenomenological Models and Experiments","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Kerosene; Diesel fuel; Penetration (warfare); Combustion; Fuel injection; Spray characteristics; Ambient pressure; Materials science; Injector; Liquid fuel; Soot; Mechanics; Nuclear engineering; Automotive engineering; Environmental science; Mechanical engineering; Spray nozzle; Chemistry; Engineering; Nozzle; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004866498,0.0009851637,0.001323184,0.0003733,0.000405256,0.0001313112,0.001148554,0.001186566,0.0001815502],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006852367,0.0009041326,0.0002743,0.001519698,0.001080361,0.0007729124,0.00108743,0.00191904,0.00017679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003554047,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004659299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00000863783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006706482,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9947631,0.00006780046,0.001397505,0.001531365,0.0009626632,0.001277581],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972307,0.0005852307,0.0003058156,0.001358254,0.0001112547,0.0004087258],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009582064,0.0001660246,0.0003367621,0.00007695099,0.00006177556,0.0000397445,0.00007703903,0.005412067,0.9700377,0.01976213,0.0008671079,0.003066892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002558142,0.002177571,0.944005,0.0004703455,0.0001624162,0.00007107728,0.001378702,0.0001700863,0.00511572,0.03201199,0.00926408,0.002614858],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9309306,0.0008602553,0.0004255899,0.005244092,0.0002934932,0.001877794,0.0001004344,0.02180655,0.03846116],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9845899,0.0003154042,0.01341885,0.0002732398,0.0001929076,0.0005210501,0.0001482251,0.0001699763,0.0003704896],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.964922,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999341,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0441051154605125,"score_gpt":0.2973492694485045,"score_spread":0.253244153987992,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}