{"id":"W4388233497","doi":"10.1364/ao.504030","title":"Dynamic beam shaping for LED lighting","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Optics","topic":"Advanced optical system design","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Optics; Microlens; Materials science; Lens (geology); Light-emitting diode; Light beam; Beam divergence; LED lamp; Beam (structure); Light intensity; Aperture (computer memory); Optoelectronics; Physics; Laser beam quality; Laser; Laser beams","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001653036,0.0001611201,0.0002059381,0.00007628981,0.00008622143,0.00003525031,0.000150087,0.00009904306,0.000005480248],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004321114,0.0001721636,0.00005188992,0.0003199838,0.00001779438,0.00004920103,0.00003449327,0.0001130493,0.0003444515],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008181082,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007075517,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":2.182085e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000118627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989918,0.000002458136,0.0002541666,0.0001895225,0.0001237454,0.0004383024],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993986,0.0002651112,0.00002569589,0.0002089562,0.00002396469,0.00007765494],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001303816,0.0000127006,0.00001131078,0.0004794727,0.00008922425,0.000008457979,0.0002729572,0.7580575,0.1709589,0.05756742,0.0007476472,0.01178133],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005196119,0.00002115579,0.00006496977,0.00004360278,0.00002712665,0.000002459057,0.0001975568,0.9801437,0.00973394,0.005707291,0.003150051,0.0003884805],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07168407,0.0001032797,0.8953553,0.00007806873,0.0006463511,0.0011408,0.00001699376,0.003463859,0.02751129],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9270359,0.00002210018,0.0721893,0.00003092323,0.0001038185,0.0002389775,0.00002929108,0.0001085208,0.0002411155],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8553519,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7020629,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01863568465667316,"score_gpt":0.2457826848531179,"score_spread":0.2271470001964448,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}