{"id":"W4388286200","doi":"10.1109/jphot.2023.3329781","title":"Optimization of a Broadband Lithium Niobate-Barium Titanate Hybrid Modulator With Low Half-Wave-Voltage-Length Product","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE photonics journal","topic":"Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lithium niobate; Barium titanate; Materials science; Broadband; Optoelectronics; Optical modulator; Voltage; Optics; Electrical engineering; Phase modulation; Physics; Dielectric","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004215904,0.0002614901,0.0003584571,0.0001943527,0.0002047276,0.0001159885,0.0002115346,0.00004089671,0.0001928521],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001745662,0.0002157917,0.0001454221,0.0004500801,0.0001130652,0.0003600277,0.00003933419,0.0005416634,0.00003186598],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006204724,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003647067,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006514395,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004701523,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983343,0.0000552341,0.0004353006,0.0003084758,0.0004294693,0.0004371554],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985141,0.00005419089,0.0004260482,0.0003439626,0.0004728374,0.0001889103],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001762564,0.002385601,0.016242,0.0003420891,0.002871609,0.0005198915,0.002021324,0.7912187,0.1641766,0.001178857,0.01207584,0.005204894],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002408049,0.0004029417,0.0004400405,0.0002160161,0.0001861757,0.0001652024,0.0003408917,0.4897096,0.4998944,0.000774862,0.004838883,0.0006228652],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9676879,0.00007283183,0.02908144,0.0001629139,0.0006606991,0.0002580562,0.0001594227,0.00005072175,0.001866],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9940232,0.00009385218,0.004318187,0.0000308103,0.0004962859,0.00001290687,0.00006510132,0.00006459134,0.0008950838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3357178,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8799728,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01282400671352876,"score_gpt":0.2389842356876942,"score_spread":0.2261602289741654,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}