{"id":"W4388409541","doi":"10.1038/s41893-023-01241-2","title":"Food without agriculture","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Sustainability","topic":"Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"National Natural Science Foundation of China; ClimateWorks Foundation; U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Sustainable agriculture; Food systems; Natural resource economics; Environmental science; Business; Environmental impact of agriculture; Sustainability; Palm oil; Ecological footprint; Carbon footprint; Agricultural economics; Environmental protection; Agricultural science; Food security; Geography; Economics; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003617747,0.0005616551,0.0002833831,0.0006316427,0.001169656,0.002558498,0.0004508951,0.001784549,0.1452009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006903652,0.0001477229,0.0002679826,0.000635392,0.0008577422,0.001601472,0.001832469,0.001643635,0.04942335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001409742,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001516597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002779147,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004566335,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995442,0.00005055004,0.00001514151,0.00008589443,0.0002310487,0.00007310352],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996358,0.00003343574,0.00004821008,0.00006781466,0.0001451576,0.00006953257],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002754443,0.0002667529,0.002361625,0.0009009988,0.00004804147,0.0008855793,0.0002968078,0.0002883794,0.02753604,0.2018797,0.3828335,0.3824272],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004886947,0.00003560024,0.0005239607,0.00006495189,0.000003736112,0.0001421241,0.00006941491,0.0000254403,0.001582046,0.003953713,0.9935893,0.000004743512],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009107819,0.008882012,0.002357502,0.01840398,0.004945494,0.00005166661,0.001439097,0.0004089214,0.9544035],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1183999,0.009538596,0.004052129,0.01508124,0.0008854913,0.00008717286,0.001922274,0.0001628989,0.8498704],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1452009,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4857454,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003856167964151234,"score_gpt":0.2385226946216935,"score_spread":0.2346665266575422,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}