{"id":"W4388429739","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-34738-2_5","title":"Supporting Diverse Research Methods for Observing Huge Variable Space in Empirical Studies for Visualization","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Data Visualization and Analytics","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Empirical research; Data science; Visualization; Visual analytics; Context (archaeology); Computer science; Pace; Diversity (politics); Space (punctuation); Variable (mathematics); Data visualization; Epistemology; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Geography; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005572729,0.0002448149,0.0005074035,0.0006668812,0.0003017407,0.0002753981,0.0008657345,0.0002375222,0.00003884049],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003229263,0.0002331095,0.0001200312,0.0005197622,0.00006502046,0.0003884629,0.001269834,0.000204313,0.00002833601],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001760359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002523276,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001612696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006412568,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974351,0.0001403686,0.0006563432,0.0007943969,0.0004204725,0.0005533281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951499,0.002964626,0.0002420313,0.0005429772,0.001006421,0.0000940161],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005098861,0.00001702993,0.00002561662,0.0003035585,0.00005698941,0.000002727247,0.0005876083,0.00007099763,0.0000194215,0.9531612,0.04201924,0.003730468],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003296802,0.0001009002,0.000004443442,0.0002311331,0.00002520882,6.243383e-7,0.0004322633,0.4208309,0.00006983544,0.2273678,0.3503134,0.000293844],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[7.055594e-7,0.0001071979,0.9807464,0.0006281584,0.0004320358,0.0008437316,0.00004417947,0.0002109816,0.01698661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000006879395,0.0002263319,0.4611898,0.0003747063,0.0001419823,0.00008044433,0.0002282214,0.00005859319,0.537693],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7257934,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9505929,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5368018901033829,"score_gpt":0.6122035467587638,"score_spread":0.0754016566553809,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}