{"id":"W4388457615","doi":"10.32390/ksmer.2023.60.5.444","title":"Analysis of Carbon Markets of CO2 Storage Projects in Oil and Gas Fields in Canada and the United States","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the Korean Society of Mineral and Energy Resources Engineers","topic":"CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Government of Alberta","keywords":"Natural gas; Enhanced oil recovery; Fossil fuel; Carbon capture and storage (timeline); Waste management; Dispose pattern; Environmental science; Petroleum; Carbon offset; Engineering; Environmental protection; Natural resource economics; Greenhouse gas; Climate change; Economics; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004168522,0.0002781373,0.0002439047,0.00379154,0.001319943,0.002021828,0.0005476612,0.0002737107,0.002595909],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001720821,0.0001825329,0.0004955971,0.004197884,0.0004393562,0.0007639622,0.0004669382,0.0003580982,0.0001258219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02809579,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01876938,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9707836,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9826852,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994332,0.00002876794,0.00001464332,0.00004555557,0.000247497,0.0002303633],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980877,0.0002936397,0.0002586004,0.00002254967,0.001047608,0.0002898619],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005030372,0.0001546239,0.9103839,0.0001117941,0.0002135245,0.0007691384,0.0008243899,0.02922993,0.00164486,0.01657261,0.00765738,0.03193478],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002131083,0.00006249388,0.9417228,0.00004366235,0.00007206638,0.0001694512,0.006258508,0.03452688,0.001499876,0.0009902086,0.01457857,0.00005420798],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9802571,0.0003968674,0.0002291128,0.0001873364,0.000002875058,0.00003901551,0.00522628,0.00001884746,0.01364248],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922575,0.0002973896,0.0002365078,0.00003481533,0.000001925534,0.00001561432,0.003275725,0.000008142124,0.003872407],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02921641,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2038502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005564431730012949,"score_gpt":0.1818975893677928,"score_spread":0.1763331576377799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}