{"id":"W4388468801","doi":"10.1017/flo.2023.28","title":"Turbulence-induced electrical discharges in charged particle-laden Martian boundary layers","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Flow","topic":"Aeolian processes and effects","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada","keywords":"Martian; Electric field; Mars Exploration Program; Atmosphere of Mars; Boundary layer; Planetary boundary layer; Mechanics; Atmospheric sciences; Physics; Charged particle; Particle (ecology); Turbulence; Geophysics; Environmental science; Astrobiology; Geology; Ion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003077256,0.0001331846,0.0001682383,0.00009555105,0.0001539947,0.00007719125,0.0001949484,0.00007890509,0.001287491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009650418,0.000108787,0.00004775186,0.0009262298,0.00003594902,0.0002313673,0.00001482147,0.0001988424,0.003492783],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000006533234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007155492,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003539977,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008779859,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985514,0.0000673328,0.0001755969,0.0002884536,0.0002445431,0.0006727162],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995298,0.0001038819,0.00003104615,0.0001482095,0.00001303669,0.0001740514],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009116835,0.00002674933,0.9101455,0.00005087784,0.0000154264,0.0002126068,0.000817446,0.002383874,0.0004487151,0.00004083189,0.007654394,0.07811242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002690117,0.0001150635,0.6322302,0.00002249001,0.00000482466,0.000006680087,0.00008797975,0.3635574,0.000537226,0.0005529431,0.002442919,0.0001732469],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962977,0.00036209,0.00001210438,0.001774074,0.0003399446,0.0001519276,0.00002163994,0.0001435996,0.0008969051],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987864,0.00007645883,0.0001066897,0.0002623634,0.0001680464,0.000005316424,0.0000732934,0.000005995313,0.0005154325],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3611735,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996254,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01701799685042053,"score_gpt":0.2319647251841847,"score_spread":0.2149467283337642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}