{"id":"W4388529370","doi":"10.1088/978-0-7503-6094-4ch1","title":"Basic concepts","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Nuclear physics research studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Subatomic particle; Terminology; The Internet; Computer science; Physics; Theoretical physics; Elementary particle; Nuclear physics; World Wide Web; Philosophy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001445633,0.00140888,0.0006977165,0.002080995,0.002852385,0.005688752,0.003258505,0.002585285,0.129401],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003869965,0.0004792284,0.0006784459,0.002369627,0.003795835,0.008588952,0.002729156,0.002639993,0.07368849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002504761,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002693098,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00261784,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002008443,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985632,0.0002823188,0.000104082,0.0003194423,0.0005720127,0.0001589709],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990749,0.0003122914,0.00006034545,0.0001062786,0.0003508348,0.00009526276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002299573,0.00003831823,0.0001383784,0.0004830227,0.000004879144,0.0001504755,0.0009449232,0.0002514751,0.0003702164,0.7938127,0.137943,0.06583955],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003240732,0.0000123142,0.00007771594,0.0002437567,0.000002086243,0.0002588482,0.0002219763,0.0001255879,0.0001007216,0.1449337,0.8540127,0.000007351268],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.001556355,0.02108394,0.05573069,0.007550916,0.002781589,0.0004532752,0.002208837,0.001089999,0.9075444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.04975444,0.04752731,0.1134333,0.009633235,0.003555521,0.001773317,0.00700648,0.001255983,0.7660605],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.129401,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4328895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04010466734028834,"score_gpt":0.3162632176256279,"score_spread":0.2761585502853396,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}