{"id":"W4388609914","doi":"10.5539/ijef.v15n12p53","title":"Why is Technological Innovation Locally Concentrated? A Theoretical Review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"International Journal of Economics and Finance","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Externality; Industrial organization; Economics; Production (economics); Technological change; Network effect; Tacit knowledge; Business; Microeconomics; Economic geography; Knowledge management; Computer science; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001683372,0.001173297,0.002374323,0.004952488,0.0006960525,0.003256869,0.001893354,0.003043198,0.005302906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004467282,0.0007591517,0.0009097904,0.005461134,0.002993303,0.00427386,0.001198265,0.002608338,0.002313196],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002146074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003168847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002892662,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001729175,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992507,0.0001675467,0.00009019319,0.0002561379,0.0001732423,0.00006224128],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954241,0.003743203,0.000271119,0.00007621749,0.0003962373,0.00008915199],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001030682,0.0001138563,0.0007594627,0.06138192,0.0002664992,0.0004147458,0.0004664387,0.00208999,0.000657388,0.1377579,0.02670266,0.7692862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002154456,0.00009821685,0.00252881,0.0350466,0.000338482,0.00173793,0.0004960547,0.0005948124,0.000458328,0.08538062,0.8732166,0.00008198198],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001312072,0.9970908,0.0003177232,0.0008551592,0.00009970725,0.00000470758,0.00001803435,0.000004076345,0.001478497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001574634,0.9975648,0.0001314077,0.0003212981,0.0002088356,0.000008554453,0.00002173501,0.000002213065,0.0001666351],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005302906,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01774001,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06887917305691264,"score_gpt":0.2907244826805218,"score_spread":0.2218453096236092,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}