{"id":"W4388633438","doi":"10.1017/ssh.2023.36","title":"Globalization and Empire: Market Integration and International Trade among Canada, the US, and Britain, 1750–1870","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Social Science History","topic":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Empire; Globalization; International trade; Market integration; Economics; Economic history; Political science; Economy; Market economy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005503255,0.00006378748,0.0001226403,0.00005593527,0.0006912143,0.0000445109,0.0001107732,0.0000417119,0.00003325197],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001930359,0.00006470623,0.00001600358,0.0001792352,0.0008398034,0.0002112358,0.0000612846,0.00006629731,0.000001841943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001315706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001141496,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.08241438,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.09178723,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993909,0.00001204574,0.0001715166,0.0002288973,0.00005061123,0.0001460181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997608,0.00002877738,0.0001022212,0.00004133991,0.00001146928,0.00005541069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008277379,0.00001360699,0.2131389,0.00001202457,0.00002219191,0.000002108987,0.01783534,0.00000269481,0.000008686925,0.4477764,0.3013655,0.01981429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007749545,0.000004780049,0.6551724,0.000001723307,0.000001930885,3.510352e-7,0.0006522559,0.0007591319,1.4124e-7,0.003235946,0.3400159,0.00007794629],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8242013,0.006146501,0.0001847669,0.01301136,0.002983324,0.0002694375,0.0001050205,0.0000648041,0.1530335],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970841,0.0005087432,0.00000861491,0.000601869,0.0001188546,0.000008078296,0.000003088232,0.000004131302,0.001662506],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4445405,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9247853,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02369332969952104,"score_gpt":0.2107422072590457,"score_spread":0.1870488775595247,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}