{"id":"W4388723541","doi":"10.3390/buildings13112868","title":"Increasing Solar Reflectivity of Building Envelope Materials to Mitigate Urban Heat Islands: State-of-the-Art Review","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Buildings","topic":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":98,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; Concordia University","funders":"Infrastructure Canada; National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Urban heat island; Environmental science; Building envelope; Emissivity; Reflective surfaces; Solar gain; Solar energy; Passive cooling; Low emissivity; Passive solar building design; Meteorology; Engineering physics; Thermal; Engineering; Geography; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007521036,0.001141041,0.001538463,0.002045097,0.000328818,0.001563329,0.0009724712,0.001140629,0.003983929],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001340915,0.0005171906,0.001216789,0.002131252,0.0003777477,0.001351642,0.0005521817,0.0007680214,0.001095083],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000397585,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001160266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001590161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001629809,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995938,0.00005575836,0.000056894,0.0001065688,0.0001473711,0.00003962836],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989259,0.0006311367,0.0001616958,0.0000323289,0.0002213419,0.00002758855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001196805,0.0002339711,0.001034541,0.0948383,0.0003878446,0.0002313242,0.0002053962,0.002431424,0.009499937,0.005307882,0.01273501,0.8729748],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001517249,0.000482882,0.003281546,0.01520426,0.00152439,0.0009581387,0.0003950167,0.001280005,0.01347076,0.0023754,0.9609258,0.00008666382],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001459101,0.9954376,0.0005978534,0.000156485,0.0001641031,0.00001484844,0.00005683499,0.00001607621,0.002097227],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.007299164,0.9911714,0.0006340353,0.00009330784,0.0001270942,0.00001549898,0.00007889625,0.000005217641,0.000575321],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003983929,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01332754,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01281738528032067,"score_gpt":0.2528013669205145,"score_spread":0.2399839816401939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}