{"id":"W4388760235","doi":"10.11647/obp.0335.04","title":"4. Models and Simulations","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"Open Book Publishers","topic":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Operations research; Perspective (graphical); Emulation; Action (physics); Domain (mathematical analysis); Management science; Data science; Artificial intelligence; Psychology; Engineering; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000154661,0.0002191814,0.0002395547,0.00006507646,0.0001015998,0.0004956909,0.0005053299,0.0005840247,0.0002220861],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008540335,0.0002047737,0.0000663062,0.00002110483,0.0002246123,0.00002690074,0.0007853966,0.0001917788,0.00003618674],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001213032,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001485894,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002647521,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007417215,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989436,0.00001229752,0.0001964569,0.0005034722,0.0001446012,0.0001995201],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99926,0.00003014916,0.0000945527,0.0004156596,0.00006865911,0.000130963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003709968,0.00001134305,0.00001365024,0.00002724816,0.0002343442,0.00001324174,0.00004556228,0.0001104157,0.000193659,0.02260117,0.9419565,0.03475577],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002651251,0.00009095931,0.00000722865,0.00004359316,0.00002924615,0.000004399241,0.00002216243,0.0002094231,0.0000280172,0.01593239,0.9830962,0.0002712067],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.00005277618,0.001641495,0.0001916518,0.001155144,0.0002626798,0.0003181933,0.0001052268,0.00005074268,0.9962221],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001153308,0.0003618912,0.0006816708,0.0008817845,0.0001670998,0.00001484784,0.0006295751,0.00006943908,0.9960404],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04113976,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8350428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06479396447323817,"score_gpt":0.2984813054783758,"score_spread":0.2336873410051377,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}