{"id":"W4388773625","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168631","title":"Microplastic removal in batch and dynamic coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation systems is controlled by floc size","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Microplastics and Plastic Pollution","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Flocculation; Turbidity; Settling; Microplastics; Alum; Coagulation; Sedimentation; Pulp and paper industry; Chemistry; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Environmental chemistry; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002864987,0.0003806928,0.0005579537,0.0003090043,0.0003911499,0.0008258432,0.0003652101,0.0004479534,0.0005331216],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006605655,0.0003514637,0.0003093875,0.0002516139,0.0003034811,0.000431455,0.0002612899,0.0005273449,0.0003225152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008280626,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005251229,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005352392,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007540744,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996741,0.0000342598,0.00003349133,0.0000695066,0.0001243228,0.00006437892],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995157,0.0001872209,0.00008533717,0.00003987618,0.0000945302,0.00007746584],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002878709,0.00003893588,0.0003340518,0.0000292749,0.000007914387,0.000008974215,0.00002125588,0.0001399267,0.9969241,0.00002669758,0.00003601787,0.00214493],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002257113,0.0003369258,0.006194341,0.000003495893,0.00001820547,0.00003095204,0.00002017323,0.002882344,0.9901187,0.00002706023,0.0003303449,0.00001488096],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971249,0.0006951838,0.001494075,0.00004086575,0.00002399406,0.00001958204,0.00008392309,0.00003911669,0.0004784354],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996488,0.0003792627,0.001494464,0.00002801782,0.00001273105,0.00002340786,0.0001218345,0.00001761768,0.00143478],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005352392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01064247,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004642909602814678,"score_gpt":0.1979377378766328,"score_spread":0.1932948282738181,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}