{"id":"W4388784846","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168533","title":"A novel process for multi-stage continuous selective leaching of lithium from industrial-grade complicated lithium-ion battery waste","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Leaching (pedology); Lithium (medication); Industrial waste; Battery (electricity); Materials science; Waste management; Environmental science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003081565,0.0006484152,0.0008476744,0.0004771749,0.0005361808,0.0006511922,0.001099874,0.000840552,0.0009299575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002304678,0.0004772989,0.0005704301,0.0004268377,0.0004050937,0.001369678,0.001103581,0.0009400621,0.0006130256],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003533706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006829105,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000629467,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00148296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996819,0.00002024448,0.00002939847,0.00008770051,0.000127141,0.00005348421],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999005,0.00002009052,0.00002438221,0.00001828133,0.000020579,0.00001613947],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001085016,0.00006056205,0.0001295147,0.0001362289,0.000011539,0.0001060455,0.00004546793,0.0002310416,0.9901984,0.000240358,0.0001408752,0.0085915],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000302036,0.0001905896,0.0004203058,0.000004108573,0.00002122565,0.0001929644,0.00002080346,0.003481822,0.9930629,0.00007365269,0.002481122,0.00002034212],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8305894,0.003296356,0.1591163,0.0004576046,0.0002634082,0.0003120034,0.0004437627,0.001300666,0.004220551],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9208518,0.001539975,0.07048524,0.0001467182,0.00006384176,0.0001760929,0.0003149133,0.00008122349,0.006340184],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001099874,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003111005,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07728048185493529,"score_gpt":0.2895976934749279,"score_spread":0.2123172116199926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}