{"id":"W4388870358","doi":"10.1121/10.0022417","title":"Quantitative, not qualitative, differences in word classification errors as a function of language dominance","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JASA Express Letters","topic":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","field":"Psychology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Universities Space Research Association","keywords":"Categorization; Rhyme; Linguistics; Word (group theory); Dominance (genetics); Psychology; Word error rate; Computer science; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001214601,0.0005244599,0.0003115435,0.0007511571,0.0002501336,0.0007639476,0.0002386623,0.0003145858,0.002911602],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009173093,0.0002462657,0.0001111279,0.0003072353,0.0006945104,0.0005849352,0.0006345683,0.0003492681,0.0004492182],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001563147,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001800567,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002059987,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003003498,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989555,0.0002128497,0.0001229347,0.0002343915,0.0003230278,0.0001513322],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9875842,0.0077261,0.00158911,0.0008651418,0.001509464,0.000726075],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002307903,0.0001302388,0.07139984,0.00009417027,0.00003800587,0.0002617585,0.001662237,0.0002075722,0.9075011,0.00008787735,0.00008325663,0.01622605],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000291642,0.001215732,0.8986807,0.00001090317,0.00004239217,0.0008590834,0.0009851146,0.001143333,0.09638263,0.0003123015,0.0002986779,0.00003988388],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9976107,0.00005054559,0.001221936,0.000009807601,0.000004728055,0.00001294073,0.0001191787,0.00002508776,0.0009450467],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981869,0.0000323913,0.0006232509,0.00001189426,0.000002590341,0.00002006424,0.0001346162,0.00002555966,0.0009626852],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002911602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009740293,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1271779058084939,"score_gpt":0.4236109796635762,"score_spread":0.2964330738550822,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}