{"id":"W4388946429","doi":"10.3389/feart.2023.1212064","title":"Geological controls on the geothermal system and hydrogeochemistry of the deep low-salinity Upper Cretaceous aquifers in the Zharkent (eastern Ily) Basin, south-eastern Kazakhstan","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Earth Science","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary; Geological Survey of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Groundwater recharge; Geology; Geothermal gradient; Aquifer; Structural basin; Geochemistry; Depression-focused recharge; Context (archaeology); Cretaceous; Isopach map; Meteoric water; Groundwater; Geomorphology; Earth science; Paleontology; Facies","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001428987,0.0001137157,0.0001802719,0.000749675,0.0005545169,0.0007161003,0.0001907731,0.0001690122,0.0006432582],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000291232,0.0001103021,0.0001127588,0.0009426151,0.001103799,0.0003002743,0.0005886522,0.0001211234,0.00007144571],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007872176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005913382,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01973628,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04174,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998608,0.000030737,0.00001365208,0.00003390382,0.00001621103,0.00004468396],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998349,0.00002311173,0.00007205702,0.00001046683,0.00002420133,0.00003525117],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001782268,0.00005271389,0.9698789,0.00003968723,0.00006477356,0.0005401384,0.002804901,0.001112052,0.01631707,0.0006971007,0.0001481508,0.008166267],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002541072,0.00001249493,0.998914,0.000001978344,0.000004981278,0.00003798807,0.0006163527,0.0001143068,0.0001074803,0.00003691652,0.000148905,0.000002100969],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996905,0.00002547974,0.00001844009,0.000009113222,5.208233e-7,8.839273e-7,0.00002666582,0.000001461924,0.0002270281],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999882,0.00001369929,0.00001585916,0.000005410478,0.000001110129,9.601747e-7,0.00003504155,5.181221e-7,0.00004545365],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01973628,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0392428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008829133585143005,"score_gpt":0.1977113672048958,"score_spread":0.1888822336197528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}