{"id":"W4388979433","doi":"10.1016/j.renene.2023.119698","title":"Flow and thermal behavior of solar air heater with grooved roughness","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Renewable Energy","topic":"Heat Transfer Mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta; National Institute of Technology Durgapur","keywords":"Pressure drop; Turbulence; Thermal; Surface finish; Materials science; Heat transfer; Range (aeronautics); Reynolds number; Thermal efficiency; Thermal conductivity; Exergy; Mechanics; Composite material; Meteorology; Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Physics; Combustion","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006567371,0.0001404766,0.0001890943,0.00008309122,0.00003058482,0.000009846891,0.0000816267,0.00008038238,0.00004153409],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001230027,0.0001205443,0.00002713274,0.0002305068,0.00002198878,0.00009630676,0.00001699302,0.00004566109,0.000004370649],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001688357,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000150224,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008410513,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004079741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992937,0.00001709593,0.0001348707,0.0001490437,0.0001342632,0.0002709556],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996906,0.00001725534,0.000005534233,0.0001933291,0.00001924062,0.00007405452],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001071956,0.00001232737,0.0001588557,0.00005422244,0.00002844498,0.00003457614,0.0001363322,0.689482,0.3078313,0.00009364816,0.00006746378,0.002090083],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004918947,0.00007974888,0.00135148,0.00004364135,0.000036738,0.00001237111,0.00004409505,0.09182479,0.9047119,0.0000662771,0.001132786,0.0002042736],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9599637,0.0001152203,0.03802679,0.00002388947,0.0001572066,0.00006471162,0.00001645709,0.0004145095,0.001217515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984875,0.00006559841,0.000821315,0.00001914399,0.00004484435,0.00005198397,0.00002125558,0.0000612033,0.0004272028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5976573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4915654,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007927465184921153,"score_gpt":0.1818961478750843,"score_spread":0.1739686826901632,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}