{"id":"W4389057272","doi":"10.1080/19475020.2023.2284488","title":"Paramilitarism in the Balkans: The Cases of Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Albania, 1917-1924","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"First World War Studies","topic":"Balkans: History, Politics, Society","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Ancient history; Political science; Economic history; History; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001948408,0.00018969,0.0003567518,0.0001002405,0.001473414,0.00002708526,0.0004972256,0.00007529956,0.00002804228],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001333385,0.0001248259,0.0001248015,0.000809494,0.002448465,0.0001084849,0.0001886358,0.0002867185,0.00004812629],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002227829,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000986454,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03616931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2872019,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978969,0.0003696042,0.0003692685,0.0003022592,0.0005124814,0.0005495281],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9960134,0.003325223,0.0001162413,0.0003819911,0.0001106123,0.0000525551],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008683866,0.00007221058,0.03055516,0.00009561336,0.0001604104,0.00003301453,0.7170206,0.00001948873,0.000004227454,0.03138059,0.2202675,0.0003825404],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002795667,0.00004673696,0.1015273,0.00009432012,0.00007900767,0.000001941338,0.2740166,0.00002722478,0.000005549646,0.006243258,0.6174636,0.0002147876],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.833698,0.06249865,0.000003032273,0.06675737,0.002253423,0.001558456,0.0001257195,0.0002732553,0.03283214],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875436,0.006290464,0.00004153156,0.0007871079,0.0003079307,0.0001092677,0.000002939636,0.00001608255,0.004901078],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4430039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06481217950945846,"score_gpt":0.3398524573917814,"score_spread":0.275040277882323,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}