{"id":"W4389064408","doi":"10.17705/1cais.05335","title":"Combating Fake News on Social Media: A Framework, Review, and Future Opportunities","year":2023,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Communications of the Association for Information Systems","topic":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Social media; Fake news; Action (physics); Internet privacy; Context (archaeology); Multidisciplinary approach; Frontier; Public relations; Political science; Computer science; World Wide Web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003054263,0.001207654,0.001642347,0.01083804,0.000964339,0.002878073,0.001253815,0.002541867,0.002218222],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006659023,0.0005965727,0.001152954,0.007859539,0.001630807,0.00455575,0.001179017,0.002266048,0.0006124396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00212211,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005812786,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003343973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006143817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989017,0.00033912,0.0001973059,0.000149049,0.0003356539,0.00007704277],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9894826,0.007784835,0.00107238,0.0001340672,0.001309593,0.0002165838],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007302366,0.0001667847,0.001220174,0.1173588,0.0003284038,0.0002940386,0.001060623,0.0008294847,0.0007006031,0.02324161,0.01698762,0.8377389],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000259006,0.000345544,0.006184084,0.1902519,0.001602993,0.00162534,0.002180611,0.00117555,0.0008196832,0.0141078,0.7815572,0.0001234442],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000181262,0.9982173,0.0002000407,0.0007277416,0.0001499193,0.00001056313,0.000008902774,0.000003574804,0.0005006369],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001784323,0.9974178,0.0002656512,0.0002605335,0.000154969,0.00001612656,0.00001047052,0.00000106142,0.00008906166],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01083804,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01615268,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1513423248387608,"score_gpt":0.3679012572760297,"score_spread":0.2165589324372689,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}